his term is replacing the old term Grade 2 or Grade II Braille. Braille consists of a standard alphabet and hundreds of abbreviations and contractions. Using such symbols creates contracted braille, saving approximately 20% of the space of non-contracted braille.

This is a general term referring to those disorders that cause blindness at birth. (See Causes Of Blindness.)

The human eye sees by light stimulating the retina that is made up of rods and cones. The cones help us perceive color during daylight conditions. These cones each contain a light-sensitive pigment that is sensitive over a range of wavelengths. If the gene coding instructions are wrong, then the wrong pigments will be produced, […]

A condition of the eye that causes dimness of vision and can lead to total blindness. Surgical correction is possible.

This term commonly refers to the process of using a manual braille writer or an embosser. (See Braille Writer and Braille Embosser.)

This term commonly refers to the manual Perkins Braille Writer produced at Howe Press. (See Braille Writer)

Braille Writer has become a common usage term referring to the Perkins Braille Writer manufactured by Howe Press. These machines are the workhorses of manual braille preparation. In using them, the index, long and ring fingers of each hand are placed on the keys to the left and right of the long space bar in […]

Braille Translation is the term that most accurately describes the function of a person who types data into a computer (words or numbers) and uses the power of the computer software to convert that information into braille. Many transcribers use the translation approach to create initial drafts of documents, and then check the documents in […]

Braille Transcription is the technically correct term for the act of forming the braille characters by pressing various key combinations by individuals using their knowledge of the code and rules. The work of doing the conversion to braille is done in the head of the transcriber, not in a computer program.

Braille transcribers are those who form the braille characters by pressing various key combinations and use their knowledge of the code and rules. The work of doing the conversion to braille is done in the head of the transcriber, not in a computer program. Courses in braille and special certifications may be earned through the […]