The International Standard Book Number ISBN) is a unique identifier for a book. The ISBN system was created in the United Kingdom in 1966 and adopted as the international standard in 1970. Each edition and variation (except reprints) of a book receives its own number consisting of codes for the country of origin, the publisher, […]

A method of properly spacing braille on both sides of the paper so that no dots counteract each other. Sheer weight and volume of the finished document make it highly desirable to produce documents in interpoint braille. However, in some situations, single-sided braille is mandated by rule; and, some users may wish to have single-sided […]

The definition for most legal purposes in the United State is 20/200 vision with correction in the best eye, or field of vision less than 20 degrees.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (P. L. 101-476) identified specific categories of disabilities under which children may be eligible for special education and related services. As defined by IDEA, the term “child with a disability” means a child with mental retardation, hearing impairments (including deafness), speech or language impairments, visual impairments (including blindness), […]

A type of electronic file with mark up codes heavily used at one time in the publishing industry. This file format was usable by only some of the translation software. It has been superceded by other codes such as HTML, XML, and MathML.

If you are farsighted, you have more trouble seeing up close than you do in the distance. However, it also means that you use your focusing system even out in the distance in order to make objects clear. People that don’t have any farsightedness are at rest in the distance and don’t need to use […]

If you are farsighted, you have more trouble seeing up close than you do in the distance. However, it also means that you use your focusing system even out in the distance in order to make objects clear. People that don’t have any farsightedness are at rest in the distance and don’t need to use […]

This stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is the markup language used to structure text and multimedia documents and to set up hypertext links between documents, used extensively on the World Wide Web. Some translation software can import and accurately interpret such formatting code for preparation of braille.

(1880-1968) Helen Keller was a world-renowned, deaf-blind woman. When she was a toddler, a childhood disease left her blind and deaf virtually overnight. Her personal and public accomplishments have been the subject of many books, films and much study by the blind community and others.

These animals are reared from shortly after weaning age to be extremely attentive to specific sounds (knocking on the door, doorbells, ringing phones, etc.). They are trained not only to notify the deaf individual of the presence of a noise, but to alert him to the source and direction as well.