A medical examination performed by an ophthalmologist or medical doctor. Such examinations go beyond acuity examinations performed by optometrists and are intended to uncover medical conditions potentially threatening function of the eye and vision.

A complication from diabetes that affects the blood supply to the light-sensing part of the eye. Without early diagnosis and possible treatment, severe eye complications can occur, leading to total blindness.

n the United States, authors can claim exclusive rights to the intellectual property comprising a book, recording or computer program, among others. The author can grant or sell permission to use this intellectual material in part or in whole. The law acknowledges that preparation of alternate format editions of such documents are unusual and components […]

his term is replacing the old term Grade 2 or Grade II Braille. Braille consists of a standard alphabet and hundreds of abbreviations and contractions. Using such symbols creates contracted braille, saving approximately 20% of the space of non-contracted braille.

This is a general term referring to those disorders that cause blindness at birth. (See Causes Of Blindness.)

The human eye sees by light stimulating the retina that is made up of rods and cones. The cones help us perceive color during daylight conditions. These cones each contain a light-sensitive pigment that is sensitive over a range of wavelengths. If the gene coding instructions are wrong, then the wrong pigments will be produced, […]

A condition of the eye that causes dimness of vision and can lead to total blindness. Surgical correction is possible.

This term commonly refers to the process of using a manual braille writer or an embosser. (See Braille Writer and Braille Embosser.)

This term commonly refers to the manual Perkins Braille Writer produced at Howe Press. (See Braille Writer)

Braille Writer has become a common usage term referring to the Perkins Braille Writer manufactured by Howe Press. These machines are the workhorses of manual braille preparation. In using them, the index, long and ring fingers of each hand are placed on the keys to the left and right of the long space bar in […]